Happy New Year, NextGenerationEU

Welcome back to our Guide and happy 2021! It is a particularly hopeful and expectant year for everyone. For those involved in European projects, it marks the beginning of new programming and is marked by a very big news: Next Generation EU.

We have already discussed NGEU in all our Guide posts devoted to the new programming period. But what is it really and how should it work? We begin the new year with an in-depth study of definite interest. Happy reading!

The definition of NextGenerationEU

To begin with, let us borrow the definition provided by the European Commission:

“NextGenerationEU is a €750 billion temporary recovery facility that will enable the Commission to raise funds on the capital market. This facility will help repair the immediate economic and social damage caused by the coronavirus pandemic, to create a post COVID-19 Europe that is greener, digital, resilient and fit for present and future challenges.”

Up to here everything seems simple, but the variety of terms used by institutions and the media can be a bit confusing:

• NextGenerationEU is often abbreviated to “NGEU” and (consistent with the above definition) is also referred to as “RecoveryInstrument,” “Recovery Instrument,” or “Recovery Package.”
• The largest part of NGEU is the “EuropeanRecovery and ResilienceFacility” or “Recovery and Resilience Facility,” but it is not the only one;
• The term “Recovery Fund” often used in the media may refer to the NGEU budget, but more often it refers to the budget of the “European Recovery and Resilience Facility.”
• NGEU constitutes a large chunk of the EU budget as of this year, in addition to the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) or Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), which is the “ordinary” budget of the European Union.

NGEU represents a turning point in that it will be financed by bonds issued by the European Union. At the initiative of the European Parliament, NGEU also gave new impetus to the extension of the European Union’s “own resources” (funds not dependent on a direct contribution from member states) and the introduction of conditionalities (including respect for the rule of law) for the use of funds.

Evolution and timeline of NextGenerationEU

We have already discussed in our Guide to the Origins of NextGenerationEU, so we will not provide too much detail on the more general aspects(here is a further summary, for those who missed it). But it is useful to recap the road NGEU has traveled and how much more remains to be done to get to the actual use of the funds.

• It all started at the beginning of the year with the various instruments in response to the pandemic put in place by the EU institutions. NextGenerationEU and the ReactEU initiative (one of the components of NGEU) are its heirs and are its most “structural” aspect;
• The Council deliberated the establishment of NGEU during the European summit on July 21, the scene of a long and painful negotiation among member state representatives on the architecture of European funds for this seven-year period;
• From July 21 onward, the Financial Framework for the period 2021-2027 and NGEU have evolved hand in hand in the debate and decisions of community institutions. After an impasse, the Council finally approved the “package” of regulations on NGEU and the new Financial Framework in mid-December, followed by the European Parliament;
• However, in order for NextGenerationEU to come into effect, they are still Some conditions are necessary: 1) The ratification of the Own Resources Decision by the member states; 2) the approval of specific regulations for NGEU-funded instruments (explained in detail below); 3) the submission and approval of National Recovery and Resilience Plans, i.e., planning for the use of the Recovery Fund at the national level;

The European Commission and member states have long been working to define the strategic and operational framework for the use of NGEU funds. You can see the Commission’s strategic plan here. The guidelines for the development of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (abbreviated as NRP) were finalized for Italy in mid-September ( extended and summarized version here) and were approved by Parliament in mid-October;

A draft PNRR (National Recovery and Resilience Plan) has long been available and was published in various Italian media in early December.However, the draft is in a continuous process of revision and is the subject of lively debate among Italian political forces. The most recent draft dates from today. Because the document is constantly evolving, in this analysis we will refer to the more “historical” December draft, incorporating the latest available data. We will also provide an update as soon as an official document is available;

• Timelines are still tentative: the Italian plan should be finalized “at the beginning of the year.” In any case, the deadline for its submission to the Commission is April 30. National plans will be negotiated with community authorities. Actual availability of funds is expected “starting in late spring.”
• It is important to remember that NGEU stipulates that 70 percent of the funds must be made available by the end of 2022, the remaining 30 percent by the end of 2023 (commitment of funds), and that the utilization of funds (actual payments) may extend until the end of 2026;

The evolutions of the Plan for Recovery and Resilience are documented in major national newspapers and media outlets, due to the wide-ranging policy debate on this issue. For official updates we recommend referring to the Department for European Policy website, with particular reference to some “tags”-key: Recovery Fund, Recovery Plan, PNRR, NextGenerationEU, National Recovery and Resilience Plan.

Composition of NextGenerationEU

Since terminology can be a bit confusing, the best way to provide clarity on the structure of NGEU is to summarize all its components in a small outline, associating them with their respective financial allocation. The terms in English will be useful for you to consult some excellent infographics developed by the European Council. In order (from most general to most specific) the infographics illustrate: 1 ) the total package of “European funds” available in the seven-year period that has just begun; 2 ) the composition of NextGenerationEU; and 3) the composition and operation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

We also try, below, to provide a small summary overview. The figures are in billions of euros.

• Total budget for 2021-2027 1,824.3 bn of which:
  1. “Ordinary” budget (MFF / MFF) €1,074.3 bn
  2. NextGenerationEU 750.0 bn € of which:
     • European Recovery and Resilience Facility €672.5 bn of which:
       • Soft loans to member states €360.0 bn
       • Grants allocated to member states (* a) 312.5 bn €
     • Other grants (* b) 77.5 bn € of which:
       • ReactEU initiative €47.5 billion
       • Horizon Europe €5.0 bn
       • InvestEU Fund €5.6 billion
       • Rural Development (EAFRD) €7.5 bn
       • Fund for a just transition €10.0 bn
       • RescEU €1.9 bn
• Total grants from NextGenerationEU (* a+b) 390.0 bn € 390.0 bn

This composition implies, among other things:

• a very important weight of NGEU in the total resources available in this seven-year period (more than 40 percent of the total resources will come from NGEU);
• an overwhelming weight of the European Recovery and Resilience Facility in total NGEU resources (the Facility absorbs about 90 percent of funds. Hence the frequent terminological confusion between NGEU and Device);
• a very important role of the Member States, which are entrusted with the management of most NGEU funds (as well as the Structural Funds, part of the Union’s “ordinary” budget). Hence the heated debate at the national level on the use and governance of NGEU funds;
• some complementarity between NextGenerationEU and the “ordinary” budget: both contribute to the funding of certain funds or programs, including, for example, the EAFRD or Horizon Europe. Hence the interest of Europrojectors and readers of our Guide in NGEU;
• the presence of “new faces” among the programs and initiatives funded for the next seven years, such as ReactEU, RescEU and the Just Transition Fund. We will have more on these programs in the pages of our Guide shortly.

NextGenerationEU in Italy.

We can use the same scheme to provide an estimate of NextGenerationEU funds due to Italy. This is a provisional estimate: values may vary and have some discrepancies between sources. The estimate we offer below is taken from the December 6 draft National Recovery and Resilience Plan circulated in the Italian media.

The figures correspond to those in the current draft and are expressed in millions. In parentheses (in percent) the proportion due to Italy in relation to the total funds made available to the EU.

• NextGenerationEU 208,643 mln, € 27.8 % of which:
  1. European Recovery and Resilience Facility €193,033 mln, 28.7 % of which:
     • Soft loans to member states 127,561 mln €, 35.4 %
     • Grants allocated to member states (* a) 65,472 mln €, 21.0 %
  2. Other grants (* b) 15,610 mln €, 20.1 % of which:
     • ReactEU initiative €13,496 mln, 28.4 %
     • Horizon Europe 497 mln €, 9.9 %.
     • InvestEU Fund – mln € 0.0%
     • Rural development (EAFRD) 846 mln €, 11.3 %.
     • Just Transition Fund 535 mln €, 5.4 %.
     • RescEU 236 mln €, 12.4 %
• Total NextGenerationEU grants (* a+b) €81,082m, 20.8 %

This composition implies, among other things, a very important benefit for Italy, which will receive almost 30 percent of the total NGEU funds, albeit spread over 27 countries. This gives insight into the importance of this opportunity for our country, which has been repeatedly emphasized by the media and institutions.

Contents (the common framework).

It is not yet possible to define precisely the contents of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan and, consequently, the nature and operation of the funding, projects and actions that will be launched in Italy under NGEU. However, it is possible to provide some anticipations, based on the guidelines provided at the community level (to be followed by all member states).

First, the setting of priorities and the formulation of the various NRPs will have to take into account:

• Of four basic principles aimed at ensuring sustainable growth, namely:1) Green transition: each plan must include at least 37 percent spending on the environment and combating climate change;2) Digital transition and productivity: each plan must include 20 percent spending on the digital sector;3) Equity: each plan should include measures for equal opportunities, inclusive education, fair working conditions, and adequate social protection;4) Macroeconomic stability: any plan will need to preserve medium-term fiscal sustainability, aiming at strengthening investment and the quality of public finances;
• Of the specific recommendations made to member states in recent years: here those for Italy in 2019 and 2020 and the European Commission’s (broader and more descriptive) country reports for 2019 and 2020. The 2020 recommendations cover aspects that are widely shared and partly reflected in the above four principles:1) Preserve medium-term fiscal sustainability by focusing on strengthening investment, the quality of public finances and strengthening the health care system;2) Provide adequate replacement incomes and access to the social protection system, mitigate the impact of the crisis on employment, and strengthen skills upgrading;3) Ensure access to liquidity for businesses (especially SMEs, innovative enterprises and the self-employed), promote virtuous, innovative and sustainable public investment;4) Improve the efficiency of the judicial system and the functioning of public administration;
• Of the response to seven common challenges (or flagship initiatives) identified as priorities in the European Commission’s strategy document, namely:1) Power up (press on the accelerator) – anticipate the spread of clean technologies and the development and use of renewable energy;2) Renovate (refurbish)-improve the energy and resource efficiency of public and private buildings;3) Recharge and refuel-promote clean technologies to accelerate the use of sustainable, affordable, and intelligent transportation systems;4) Connect – increase access to fast broadband services for citizens and businesses;5) Modernise (modernize) – modernize, make key digital public services accessible to all and more interoperable at the EU level;6) Scale-up (expand): increase European industrial data cloud capabilities and capacities to develop the most powerful, cutting-edge, and sustainable processors useful for the EU’s digital transition;7) Reskill and upskill–promote substantial investment in reskilling and upskilling useful for green and digital transition;
• Of a realistic timetable, considering:1) the limits imposed on the commitment of funds (70% of funds committed by the end of 2022, 100% of funds committed by the end of 2023, 100% of payments made by the end of 2026);2) that in case of non-compliance with the “roadmap” (at the level of commitment / disbursement of funds, but also in achieving the targets set by the indicators of each National Recovery and Resilience Plan) access to funds may be suspended. An Economic and Financial Committee will support the European Commission in analyzing the achievement of targets (intermediate and final), and any suspension will be subject to approval by the European Council. This is the so-called “emergency brake” warmly called for by some countries to prevent misuse or ineffective use of funds.This last aspect is very relevant for Italy, which has less satisfactory timing and rates of “absorption” of European funds than other countries.

Contents (provisional framework for Italy).

As mentioned above, it is still too early to provide an outline of the contents of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Italy. However, we propose below some pointers taken from the December 6 draft NRP as an initial framework for guidance, with comparative data and pointers taken from thecurrent draft. However, the data and figures are provisional and constantly changing.

• The Plan includes four key strategic lines (three in the most recent draft):1) Modernization of the country;2) Ecological transition;3) Social and territorial inclusion;4) Gender equality (not present in the most recent draft);
• In the December draft, the Plan proposes four main challenges:1) Reduce the social and economic impact of the pandemic crisis;2) Improve Italy’s resilience and resilience;3) Supporting the green and digital transition;4) Raise the economy’s growth potential and job creation;
• Instead, in the most recent draft, it includes three cross-cutting priorities:1) Gender equality;2) Youth;3) South and territorial rebalancing(aspects that, as cross-cutting, no longer appear explicitly in the following subject areas);
• The Plan includes six thematic areas or missions, declined as follows. In parentheses, we indicate the current financial allocation estimates in the December 6 and January 12 drafts, respectively (net of some minor differences in terminology between the headings in the two versions):1) Digitalization, innovation competitiveness and culture (48.7 bn € – 45.4 bn €)– Digitization, innovation and security in PA (10.1 bn € – 11.5 bn €)– Innovation, competitiveness, digitization 4.0 and internationalization (35.5 bn € – 25.9 bn €)– Culture and tourism (3.1 bn € – 8.0 bn €)2) Green revolution and ecological transition (74.3 bn € – 66.59 bn €)– Green enterprise and circular economy (6.3 bn € – 5.2 bn €)– Energy transition and sustainable local mobility (18.5 bn € – 17.5 bn €)– Energy efficiency and building upgrading (40.1 bn € – 29.0 bn €)– Protection and enhancement of the land and water resource (9.4 bn € – 14.8 bn €)3) Infrastructure for sustainable mobility (27.7 bn € – 32.0 bn €)– High-speed network and road maintenance (23.6 bn € – 28.3 bn €)– Intermodality and integrated logistics (4.1 bn € – 3.7 bn €)4) Education and research (19.2 bn € – 26.7 bn €)– Enhancement of education and right to study (10.1 bn € – 15.4 bn €)– From research to enterprise(9.1 bn € – 11.3 bn €)5) Gender equality, social and territorial cohesion (17.1 bn € – 21.3 bn €)– Gender equality (4.2 bn € – 0 bn €)– Youth and labor policies (3.2 bn € – 6.7 bn €)– Vulnerability, social inclusion, sports and the third sector (5.9 bn € – 10.5 bn €)– Special interventions for territorial cohesion (3.8 bn € – 4.2 bn €)6) Health (9.0 bn € – 18.0 bn €)– Proximity care and telemedicine (4.8 bn € – 7.5 bn €)– Innovation, research and digitization of health care (4.2 bn € – 10.5 bn €)

 

• Some of the main documents and strategic aspects to be considered (complementary to the NRP and mentioned organically in the December draft) are:1 ) the 5 Strategic Objectives of the Structural Funds programming for the seven-year period 2021-2027 (a smarter, greener, more connected, more social, and more citizen-friendly Europe);2) the 2020 National Reform Program (NRP ).3) the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (NIPEC).4 ) the document #italiaveloce: Resilient Italy designs the future 5) the Decree for Simplification and Digital Innovation 6) the Southern Plan 2030 – Development and Cohesion for Italy 7) the National Research Program 2021-2027 (recently approved)8) Any actions under the European Structural Reform Support Program.

For those interested in delving further (while maintaining a certain level of synthesis), we offer at the end of this post the list of interventions included in the most recent draft of the NRP, for each of its six thematic areas (or missions) and related components. The NRP presents a summary description of each of the interventions.

Governance.

How will NGEU funds, programming and projects be managed in Italy under our National Recovery and Resilience Plan?

This aspect (which the NRP is called upon to define) is particularly controversial and the subject of lively debate among political forces. Effective governance is critical to ensure that funds are used and goals are met in accordance with the defined PNRR timetable and targets. As mentioned earlier, any delays or failure to meet targets may affect the disbursement of funds.

Community-level governance is defined as follows:

• the European Commission oversees the National Plans and is supported by the Economic and Financial Committee in analyzing the countries’ achievement of the targets;
• the Council has the final say if delays or discrepancies are found in the progress of the National Plans and a suspension of funds (i.e., activation of the so-called “emergency brake”) is requested.

• the European Commission oversees the National Plans and is supported by the Economic and Financial Committee in analyzing the countries’ achievement of the targets;
• the Council has the final say if delays or discrepancies are found in the progress of the National Plans and a suspension of funds (i.e., activation of the so-called “emergency brake”) is requested.

The draft Italian NRP provisionally (Dec. 6) provided:

• An Executive Committee composed of the Prime Minister, Minister of Economy and Minister of Economic Development. The Executive Committee has broad powers of overall coordination and direction: it updates the CIAE (see below) and submits major issues to it; reports to the Houses on a quarterly basis; directs and coordinates the activities of the Mission Officers (see below); and reviews any issues formulated by individual ministers (and refers issues of their own to individual ministers);
• a role of Single Contact Person (vis-à-vis the European Commission) for the Minister of European Affairs, in consultation with the Minister of Foreign Affairs;
• a role for the Interministerial Committee for European Affairs(CIAE) and its Technical Evaluation Committee in line with its institutional prerogatives. The CIAE is the governmental structure devoted to the definition of Italy’s policy lines in the European forum, already active in the definition of the PNRR guidelines and the PNRR itself;
• An inter-ministerial “Task Force” (whose constitution-still uncertain-has been the subject of opposition and debate). Under this Task Force each of the thematic areas of the NRP would have a Mission Manager, assisted by a team of technicians, to be selected from “staff of public administrations, staff of public in-house or investee companies, collaborators as well as consultants or experts, including those from outside the public administration.” The draft draft NRP assigns broad powers to the Mission Managers in terms of operational impetus and coordination, supervision and monitoring vis-à-vis implementing entities, reporting and publishing information, and resolving problems related to the implementation of the NRP in their thematic area;
• A Conference of Mission Managers (which includes a Coordinator and an Administrative Director), a Social Responsibility Committee (advisory, composed of representatives from productive forces, academia and research), a “Revolving Fund for the Implementation of PNRR Italy,” and specific administrative-accounting procedures for resource management and reporting.

This structure could be significantly modified in the current policy debate.

Keep following us, we will keep you updated!

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Indicative list of interventions (draft NRP of January 12)

The NRP presents a summary description and indicative budget allocation for each of these interventions.

DIGITIZATION, INNOVATION, COMPETITIVENESS AND CULTURE [45 .4 mld €]

Digitization, innovation and security in the P.A. [11 .5 mld €]

• Digitization of Public Administration
• Digital infrastructure and cyber security
• Data and interoperability
• Digital Citizenship, Enabling Services and Platforms.
• Modernization of PA
• Capable PA: recruiting human capital
• Competent PA: strengthening and enhancing human capital
• Simple and connected PA: simplification of administrative procedures, digitization of processes
• PA Smart: creation of Territorial Poles for recruitment, training, co-working and smart-working
• Organizational innovation of Justice
• Human resources for strengthening the process office new organizational positions
• Overcoming inhomogeneity among the various courts

Digitalization, innovation and competitiveness of the production system [25 .9 mld €]

• Transition 4.0
• Microprocessor innovation and technology
• SME Digitalization and the Guarantee Fund
• Broadband, 5G
• satellite monitoring
• Fast Connections
• Satellite constellation and National Institute of Earth Observation
• Supply chain industrial policies and internationalization

Tourism and Culture 4.0 [8 .0 mld €]

• Cultural Heritage Next Generation
• Strengthening the strategic plan major tourist-cultural attractions
• Digital platforms and strategies for access to cultural heritage
• Improving physical accessibility
• Caput Mundi. Interventions on the artistic and cultural heritage of Rome
• Film industry development (Cinecittà Project)
• Minor sites, rural areas and suburbs
• National boroughs plan
• Rural historical heritage
• Program Identity Places, Suburbs, Parks and Historic Gardens.
• Earthquake safety of places of worship and FEC heritage restoration
• Tourism and Culture 4.0
• Culture 4.0: Tourism training and cultural outreach initiatives in schools
• Supporting cultural workers in the green and digital transition
• “Pathways through history” – Slow tourism
• Improvement of accommodation infrastructure and tourism services

GREEN REVOLUTION AND ECOLOGICAL TRANSITION [66 .6 mld €]

Green Enterprise and Circular Economy [5 .2 mld €]

• Sustainable agriculture
• Circular economy and valorization of the integrated waste cycle
• Construction of new facilities and modernization of existing recycling facilities
• Circular economy call projects for industrial process reconversion
• Ecological transition in the South.

Energy transition and sustainable local mobility [17 .5 mld €]

• Renewable production and distribution and supply chain support
• Renewable Energy Sources (RES)
• Supporting the renewable supply chain
• Network infrastructure and smart grids
• Projects of municipalities in line with PNIEC.
• Investment in the hydrogen supply chain
• Sustainable local transport, cycleways and renewal of rolling stock

Energy efficiency and building upgrading [29 .0 mld €]

• Public building efficiency
• Structural rehabilitation program for school buildings
• Efficiency of state-owned buildings
• Program for the construction of new schools
• Safe, green and social” program for public housing
• Energy efficiency and upgrading public buildings in metropolitan areas
• Efficiency of judicial citadels
• Energy and seismic efficiency of private and public residential buildings

Protection and enhancement of the land and water resource [14 .8 mld €]

• Interventions on hydrogeological instability
• Urban green infrastructure
• Forestry and forest protection
• Invasions and sustainable management of water resources
• Primary water infrastructure for security of supply
• Resilience of the irrigation agrosystem (including digitization and network monitoring)
• Water distribution networks and digitization monitoring networks
• Sewerage and sewage treatment
• Resilience, land enhancement and energy efficiency of municipalities
• Sea-collected waste management systems in port areas

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY [32 .0 mld €]

High-speed rail and road maintenance 4.0 [28 .3 mld €]

• Railway works for mobility and fast connection of the country
• High-speed rail interventions and improvement of speed, frequency and capacity of existing rail links
• European Rail Transport Management Systems (ERTMS) Programs.
• Node Program and Director Program – Infrastructure and technology development and upgrading. Resilience Apennine routes connecting with major nodes.
• Renewal of rolling locomotives and freight infrastructure
• Regional lines – HS integration with regional transport (interconnected railways) and adaptation of regional urban railways
• Upgrading, electrification and resilience in the South
• Station plan in the south
• Securing and digital monitoring of roads, viaducts and bridges
• Provision in the A24-A25 highways of a dynamic monitoring system for remote controls and safety interventions on works of art (bridges, viaducts, overpasses and tunnels)
• Establishment on the network of a dynamic monitoring system for remote checks on artworks (bridges, viaducts, overpasses and tunnels) and implementation of interventions at the most critical points and digitization of road infrastructure

Intermodality and integrated logistics [3 .7 mld €]

• Integrated Ports of Italy project
• Ports and intermodality connected to major European and national lines of communication and for the development of southern ports
• Green ports and cold ironing
• Digitization of airports and logistics systems
• Digitization of the country’s logistics systems, including airports

EDUCATION AND RESEARCH [26 .7 mld €]

Skills enhancement and right to study [15 .4 mld €]

• Access to education and reduction of territorial gaps
• Student housing
• Scholarships and free college access
• Full-time School Fund
• Reducing territorial gaps in skills and combating school dropout
• Nursery School Plan and Integrated Services
• Strengthening preschools (3-6 years old) and “spring” sections
• STEM skills and multilingualism
• Integrated digital teaching and continuing education for school personnel
• STEM skills and multilingualism for teachers and students
• School 4.0: innovative schools, wiring, new classrooms and labs
• Advanced teaching and university skills
• Vocational education and ITS
• ITS development and reform
• Vocational training and university-territory collaboration
• Active orientation in school-university transition

From research to enterprise [11 .3 mld €]

• Strengthening R&D and IPCEI initiatives.
• Expanded partnerships extended to universities, research centers, companies and basic research project funding
• Funding for young researchers
• Agreements for Innovation
• IPCEI, Partnerships in Research and Innovation.
• National research program fund
• New PRINs – Research on topics of significant national interest
• Building and research infrastructure fund
• Technology transfer and innovation support
• Innovation ecosystems and territorial champions of R&D
• Strengthening research facilities and creating national R&D champions on Key Enabling Technologies (Agritech, Fintech, AI, Hydrogen, Biomedics)
• Strengthening and thematic and spatial extension of technology transfer centers by industry segments
• Innovative doctorates for business and bringing researchers into business
• Green doctorates and researchers and innovation

INCLUSION AND COHESION [21 .3 mld €]

Employment Policies [6 .7 mld €]

• Active labor policies and employment support
• Active labor policies and training
• Support for women’s entrepreneurship
• Dual apprenticeship
• New Skills Plan
• Advantageous taxation for work in the south and new hiring of young people and women
• Universal community service

Social infrastructure, families, communities and the third sector [10 .5 mld €]

• Social welfare services, disability and marginality
• Social infrastructure in municipalities and involvement of the Third Sector
• Pathways to independence for people with disabilities
• Temporary Housing and Post Stations
• Interventions under the Family Act
• Urban Regeneration and Social Housing
• Urban regeneration
• Social housing
• Sports and suburbs

Special interventions for territorial cohesion [4 .2 mld €]

• National strategy for inland areas
• Interventions for Earthquake Areas.
• Innovation ecosystems in the South in marginalized urban settings
• Enhancement of property confiscated from the mafias

HEALTH [18 .0 mld €]

Proximity care and telemedicine [7 .5 mld €]

• Strengthening health care and territorial network
• Community house and taking care of the person
• Home as the first place of care. Home care
• Development of intermediate care
• Health, Environment and Climate. Ecological public health

Innovation, research and digitization of health care [10 .5 mld €]

• Technology and digital modernization
• Modernization of hospital technology and digital park
• Hospitals
• Electronic Health Record and central data collection, processing and analysis
• Research and technology transfer and training
• Enhancement and strengthening of biomedical research in the NHS
• Innovative health ecosystem
• Development of professional-technical, digital and managerial skills of professionals in health care